"The essays in the first half of the book deal with fundamental reorientations in historical thinking in the pre-modern period since Antiquity, specifically in ancient Greece and China and in medieval Christian Europe, the Islamic world and again, China. The essays all proceed from the premise that historical thought in none of these cultures was static but underwent profound changes over time.". "The essays in the second part deal with historical writing beginning with the professionalization of history in the nineteenth century. National history researched and composed around a master narrative constituted a major turning point in this period. Although the new paradigm emerged in the West, it was broadly accepted by historians throughout the world in the twentieth century. Individual chapters deal with conceptions of scientific history in the West, a comparison of national histories in Japan, France, and the United States, and the invention of Chinese, African and Indian national histories. The last section discusses the critiques of the modern paradigm in postmodernist and postcolonial theory and a consideration of the shortcomings of these critiques."--BOOK JACKET.