In the 10 years since the European Union adopted its Strategy against Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, it has succeeded in developing a distinctive approach to the non-proliferation of WMD. Developments over the decade provide a solid platform from which the EU could now expand its non-proliferation efforts in ways that increase its effectiveness and efficiency, in particular, by emphasizing the security of European citizens alongside the traditional security of the state. This timely report explores how the EU has approached the formidable task of implementing the WMD Strategy, evaluates the degree of success that has been achieved and outlines pragmatic changes that will make the effort more effective in the future.