The Air Force is simultaneously pursuing both the Airborne and Space Based Laser programs. Under the impression that these two systems are synergistic and even that the ABL represents a logical stepping stone to the SBL, the Air Force has begun the process of advocating both programs, defending their funds, developing the required technology, fielding the weapons, and drafting the doctrine that will make them useful to the operational commands. The purpose of this study is to assess the actual compatibility between the ABL and SBL by carefully examining both the technologies and operational strategies. Only by studying the similarities and differences between these technologies and the technical risks and challenges can the defense establishment gain a more detailed understanding of the compatibility of the ABL and SBL technologies. Only by examining the operational preferences revealed in each system's technical descriptions and concepts of operation will it be possible to understand the compatibility of the operational strategies for the employment of the A. BL and SBL. Once the facts about the actual compatibility between the ABL and SBL are known, the Air Force leadership will be better prepared to make the right decisions about the role of laser weapons in ballistic missile defense. This study hopes to stimulate further debate about how these technologies will influence the security of the United States in the twenty-first century.