Focusing on the effects of violence in internal conflicts after peace agreements have been signed, this book adopts a four-part analysis, examining in turn violence emanating from the state, from militants, from destabilized societies, and from the challenge of implementing a range of issues including demobilization, disarmament, and policing. This is one of three edited volumes resulting from a three-year collaborative Research Initiative on the Resolution of Ethnic Conflict (RIREC) at the Joan B. Kroc Institution for International Peace studies at the University of Notre Dame.