The Third Republic was built around the idea of national unity. But did regional prejudices and hatreds disappear in France between 1870 and 1940? To answer this question, the symposium organized by the Friends of Old Nérac May 13, 2011, around the Midi/Midis, questions the depth of national feeling by observing through the prism of southern identity. How is the South he thought, both by those who are but also include those referring to them? What is the role of the "méridionalité" in French space in the "national novel" when trying to write? Three main question offers rich thematic approaches often original. Can we identify a particular statement of identity or Midi/s during the Third Republic? What could be the "looks" worn on this cultural and political contours rather vague? Finally, the war of 1914-1918 and that in particular it is smooth or, conversely, awakened the identity crises of Southerners as those who stigmatize?