This collection of essays from an international group of scholars explores how the elaboration of biblical prayers of the Persian and early Hellenistic periods shaped identity, evoked a sense of belonging to specific groups, and added emotional significance to this affiliation. Contributors draw examples from different biblical texts, including Genesis, Samuel, Kings, Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah, Psalms, Jonah, and Daniel, to illustrate the transformation from short, individual prayers to longer theological and historical reflections, ritualized recitations, confirmations of hope, prophecy, and penitential prayers. Essays approach the texts from different perspectives, showing how prayers play a key role in the construction of biblical bboks, how biblical figures are charaterized by prayers, and how these prayers shape and modify individual and collective identity discourses.