On this study, the author reflects, through a literary and ideological approach, on the main issues that the critics discusses the analysis of Petronius's Satyricon. After an initial discussion on the dating and authorship, in that debate the essental data of the 'Petronian Question', seeks to make the diagnosis of the society described in the work of Petronius, accompanying to this, the many adventures in which a group of wandering Scholastic gets caught.