"In recent years bitter controversies have erupted across Europe and the Middle East about women's veiling, and especially their wearing of the face-veil or niqab. Yet the deeper issues contained within these controversies--secularism versus religious belief, individual freedom versus social or family coercion, identity versus integration--are not new but are strikingly prefigured by earlier conflicts. This book examines the state-sponsored anti-veiling campaigns which swept across wide swathes of the Muslim world in the interwar period, especially in Turkey and the Balkans, Iran, Afghanistan and the Soviet republics of the Caucasus and Central Asia. It shows how veiling was officially discouraged and ridiculed as backward and, although it was rarely banned, veiling was politicized and turned into a rallying-point for a wider opposition. Asking a number of questions about this earlier anti-veiling discourse and the policies flowing from it, and the reactions which it provoked, the book illuminates and contextualizes contemporary debates about gender, Islam and modernism"-- "The controversy about the veiling of women, particularly pronounced in recent times, and the deeper issues it represents are not new. This book examines the state-sponsored anti-veiling campaigns which took place across wide swathes of the Muslim world in the interwar period. It shows how veiling was officially discouraged and frequently ridiculed as backward, but how the anti-veiling campaigns were flawed, mostly promoted by male dominated authoritarian regimes, which, in politicising the issue, empowered opponents who used veiling as a symbol of resistance. Throughout, the book relates the significance of interwar unveiling campaigns to present day debates"--