Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an invaluable tool in the treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease, which does not preclude a renal transplant, but incurs lower costs than other treatment options and represents an alternative when the vascular access is not feasible. Moreover, PD can be integrated in the armamentarium of different therapies and constitutes an important option when logistical or organizational problems are present. This book gives an account of studies on PD outcome and adequacy, exploring how different fluids, schedules and techniques may help to determine the most tolerated and effective dialysis for each patient. Novel systems including continuous flow PD are probing new limits of efficiency and performance. Biocompatibility and adequate correction of anemia are also among the issues discussed in this book.