This book questions the possible relations between Lima Barreto's personal writings and chronicles with Vida e Morte de M.J. Gonzaga de Sá (1919), his last published novel. Though widely considered as minor genres, the private writings and chronicles are here seen as points of connections and development of his fictional work, but they also can sometimes be seen as potential works of fiction. The tiny social details, typical of Lima Barreto and clearly seen in his personal writings and chronicles, pervades Vida e Morte de M.J. Gonzaga de Sá and it determines the novel's structure with its uneventful plot, composed of insights into everyday life and of memories. It is neither a denunciatory novel, as Recordações do Escrivão Isaías Caminha (1909) nor a realist novel, as Triste Fim de Policarpo Quaresma (1915). The streetcar, the train, the stamps, and fashion are signposts of the modernization process that Brazil was undergoing, and they become the subject of the conversations between Gonzaga de Sá and Augusto Machado. In Vida e Morte the fragmentary perception of reality is separated from the actions of the characters who are mere observers of the Brazilian bourgeois universe under construction. Lima Barreto did not simply ignore the rules for the realist novel, as many critics have stated, by using this form to tell a story. He explored the possiblity of writing a novel that, in its fragmentary and diffuse form, would propose a intertextual dialogue with those euphoric times in which he could take advantage of the subjects he had collected over the years in his personal writings and chronicles.