"Discourses of modernity are abundant. Many distinguished scholars, with diverse intellectual backgrounds, have engaged in a critical reflection on the fundamental deficiencies of Western modernity. What comes out of these confrontations with the Western tradition of enlightenment and modernity, however, is far from being uniform. On the contrary, the proposed solutions are so divergent that one is liable to end up highly confused. For instance, conflicting philosophical positions with labels such as post- colonialism, de- colonialism, post- modernity, late- modernity, second modernity have been proposed, and are busy contesting each other"--