"Political leaders govern countries, negotiate treaties, control military forces, and shape economies. Advanced as these activities may seem, however, psychiatrist Arnold M. Ludwig contends that rulers' actions are rooted in the alpha-male behaviors of monkeys and apes.". "Profiling every ruler of a recognized country in the twentieth century - over 1,900 people in all - Ludwig establishes how rulers came to power, how they lost power, the dangers they faced, and the odds of their being assassinated, committing suicide, or dying a natural death. Concentrating on a smaller set of rulers for whom more extensive personal information was available, Ludwig profiles the six different kinds of leaders, examining their characteristics, childhoods, and mental stability or instability to pinpoint chief predictors of later political success."--BOOK JACKET.